notes
The Israeli War of Independence, 1948
Background on war-
Suez Crisis
- This attack takes place on Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur war
OPEC- oil petroleum exporting countries
Background on war-
- Holocaust and persecution of Jews in Europe leads to many of them leaving to Israel
- Arab League is formed in 1945 to protest the Balfour Declaration
- France gives Syria and Lebanon independence in 1946
- British fall out of favour with the Jews under the guidance of the Zionist movement (A homeland had not been created yet)
- The Brits hand the problem over to the UN in 1947
- 1947 the UN suggests a partition.
- Jews are happy with this the Arabs are angry
- Arab radicals had attacked Jews throughout 1947
- The Arab League had rumours of attacking the Jews once the Brits left.
- The day the mandate ends the Jews under David Ben-Gurion attack the Arab League countries
- The Jews win and increase their territory from the parition including the Negev Desert
- Many Palestinians became refugees
- Palestinians begin terrorist attacks within Israel
Suez Crisis
- In 1955 Egypt and Russia align with each other (Egypt hates Israel)
- 1956 Egypt begins to get arms from czechoslovakia
- Gamal Nasser begins to threaten Israel
- US reacts by pulling out of the Aswan Damn crisis
- Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal
- made it easier to travel through horn of Africa
- The Israelis attack first under their policies
- They had a secret deal that the French and British would join in once this happened
- British French and Israel bomb Egypt
- Makes democracy look bad
- This angered the Americans and they threaten to cut off the oil if they did not back out
- The crisis is resolved by introduction of UN Peacekeeping force (Lester B. Pearsons idea)
- Israels economy flourished under the secure conditions
- Changes the influence of power in the region from British and French to Russian and American.
- response to the humiliation of the suez crisis by Egypt
- Syria, Jordan and Egypt try to drive Israel into the sea
- 1967 Nasser expels the U.N. Peacekeeping force from the canal zone
- Egyptians close the straits to the Israelis and mass troops on the border
- Israelis with the help of intelligence know of the attack and follow through with first-strike policy
- destroy and Egyptian airforce, take Sinai peninsula, Golan Heights, and West Bank (whole war lasts days)
- USA needs to step in to halt attack in fear of angering the other Arab nations
- lots of refugees, Israel leaves gaza strip for them
- Refugees form organization called Palestinian liberation organization
- people in it have nothing left to lose, which is very dangerous
- Hijacking
- Munich Olympics (Palestinians take Israeli athletes hostage)
- Nasser dies 1970 (Egypt)
- Anwar Sadat takes over (1973 "year of decision)
- This attack takes place on Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur war
- The Soviets back Syria, US backs Israel
- Israel withstands
- 500,000 Palestinian refugees living in south Lebanon conduct terrorist attacks on Israel (PLO)
- Israel invades Lebanon as far as Beirut in 1982
- Multinational force sent in to restore order (PLO women are massacred)
- Syria invades in 1987
- PLO eventually agrees to withdraw
- 1991 a cease fire was signed although Syrian troops remained in Lebanon
- Attacks still launched on Israel from Golan Heights area
OPEC- oil petroleum exporting countries
- Us increasing oil use by 5% but paying low oil costs
- The shaw of Iran (King)
- US and USSR create huge trade agreement
- US finds oil is discovered in the Gulf of Mexico
- and find oil in Alaska
- US is no longer buying oil from Iran
- Islam (Fundamentalist) is rising in Iran
- Led by Ayatollah Khomeini
- Saudi becomes American ally
- Iranian gov seizes US embassy
- Canadian embassy helps Americans hide
- US gives money to Sudan Hussein
- Sadat is labelled as a hero and gets American support
- Israel vacates the Suez canal
- P.L.O
- 1977 Sadat visits Israel (backed by American money)
- 1978 Sadat meets with President of Israel at camp David
- dont discuss PLO or Jerusalem
- an agreement was reached
- Egyptian control of Sanais peninsula and the gaza strip goes back to egypt
- Egypt recognizes Israel
Subjunctive question - Where would most of the jewish population be if israel had never been created?
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3,2,1...
Anger, fighting, division
Will this conflict ever be resolved?
If so, how long is it going to take and what will have to happen?
Will this conflict ever be resolved?
If so, how long is it going to take and what will have to happen?
Middle east essay - Consider the previous quote from Isaac Asimov. To what extent is the creation of Israel, in his words, "a ghetto in a small corner of a vast Muslim sea"
At the end of the 19th century, conflicts and tense hostilities arose between the Arab and Jewish populations. During this time these two ethnic groups strained to get power for their people in the Middle East. Since Israel was created, it has had a difficult time getting a strong holding in the Middle East. There is a lot of heat around the creation of Israel, as many people, especially Arabs do not recognize it as a state. This aside, Israel has affected the Middle East in many ways and has a large impact in that area of the world. Israel is very much a "ghetto in a small corner of a vast Muslim sea." It lacks support and some recognition from the countries and areas surrounding it, but still has made a big impact in that area of the world.
The definition of a ghetto is, "a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups." This definition in a way sums up the situation of Israel, and backs up the statement of it being "ghetto in a small corner of a vast Muslim sea." Israel, and the Jewish people who live there, are the minority of the Middle East. The state of Israel does not have complete, if any recognition from its neighbouring countries. The Muslim influence in the Middle East has time and time again pushed down Israel's chances for recognition and respect from other countries in the Middle East. Countries surrounding Israel refuse to give them rights as a country, and they are time and time again put down. Israel is not taken seriously, nor has any rights as a state. Due to this it is constantly in a state of conflict, and remains to be a ghetto.
On the other hand, as much Israel may be defined as a ghetto in a vast Muslim sea, which makes it sound rather insignificant, Israel has not failed to make a large impact on the Middle East as well as the rest of the world. Since its creation, Israel has been in constant conflict, but this has not stopped it from making a very large impression. Some may call it a ghetto, and this is true in many aspects of this state, however it is also slightly a controversial word, as Israel has made itself known, and has made a large impact in this world.
Israel has had a very difficult time existing in the Middle East since the day it was made. It has been put down, fought against, bullied, and has been filled with conflict endlessly. They are the minority group attempting to gain rights in a huge area filled with people who strongly dislike them. Israel is very much a ghetto in a small corner of a vast Muslim sea.
The definition of a ghetto is, "a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups." This definition in a way sums up the situation of Israel, and backs up the statement of it being "ghetto in a small corner of a vast Muslim sea." Israel, and the Jewish people who live there, are the minority of the Middle East. The state of Israel does not have complete, if any recognition from its neighbouring countries. The Muslim influence in the Middle East has time and time again pushed down Israel's chances for recognition and respect from other countries in the Middle East. Countries surrounding Israel refuse to give them rights as a country, and they are time and time again put down. Israel is not taken seriously, nor has any rights as a state. Due to this it is constantly in a state of conflict, and remains to be a ghetto.
On the other hand, as much Israel may be defined as a ghetto in a vast Muslim sea, which makes it sound rather insignificant, Israel has not failed to make a large impact on the Middle East as well as the rest of the world. Since its creation, Israel has been in constant conflict, but this has not stopped it from making a very large impression. Some may call it a ghetto, and this is true in many aspects of this state, however it is also slightly a controversial word, as Israel has made itself known, and has made a large impact in this world.
Israel has had a very difficult time existing in the Middle East since the day it was made. It has been put down, fought against, bullied, and has been filled with conflict endlessly. They are the minority group attempting to gain rights in a huge area filled with people who strongly dislike them. Israel is very much a ghetto in a small corner of a vast Muslim sea.