notes
Africa
Cecil Rhodes -Zimbabwe
Lord Kitchener
Winston Churchill
English create worlds first concentration camps
Kidnap women and children and put them into camps-destroy homes
-England wins Boer War
-They recognize certain degree of independence
-Commonwealth status
-began to economically rebuild South Africa, create political strict, dominated by the Boers
-Issue as no one was communicating with Bantus who make up 80% of pop
-Bantus call themselves the African Nation Congress (ANC)
-Afrikaans believed themselves to be 'superior' than Bantus
WW11
-Geographic Seperation
-Separate Amenities act 1953
*Had to carry identification cards
Created white towns
Albert Luthuli
1960-Sharpesville massacre police killed 70 during peaceful protest
Canada, Great Britain and Australia took a stance
1961- South Africa withdraw from Commonwealth
Nelson Mandela
Spear of the Nation
violent wing of the ANC
Nelson Mandela -leader
1956 charged with treason acquitted in 1961
Mandela restorts to violence
1964-1989 He is arrested and sentenced to life in prison-Robben Island
Soweto Uprising
Police arrived as the crowd grew
Police are ordered to open fire- 1500 police
600 people killed
Turning point- white university students realize that this is not the right thing to do (Whites start marching with the blacks)
SA banned from everything (isolation) no tradding, no sports
Brings in DeKlerk
First thing he does is legalises ANC- blacks now have a voice
Mandela is freed- end of Apartheid
QUOTE: "It is better to lead from behind and to put others in front, especially when you celebrate victory when nice things occur. You take the front line when there is danger. Then people will appreciate your leadership."
- 1899
Cecil Rhodes -Zimbabwe
Lord Kitchener
Winston Churchill
English create worlds first concentration camps
Kidnap women and children and put them into camps-destroy homes
-England wins Boer War
-They recognize certain degree of independence
-Commonwealth status
-began to economically rebuild South Africa, create political strict, dominated by the Boers
-Issue as no one was communicating with Bantus who make up 80% of pop
-Bantus call themselves the African Nation Congress (ANC)
-Afrikaans believed themselves to be 'superior' than Bantus
WW11
- 1939 WW11 breaks out
- Afrikaans support Nazis as they are both for white supremacy
- want to continue to suppress the black population
- Dutch Reform Church-support nazis
- 1948 election (Nationalist Party-NP)
- Apartheid
Solgan for SA until 1990
Daniel Francois Marlan:- Class individuals by race
- banned interbreeding
- 1950- Group Areas Act
- 1953-Seperate Amenities Act
Created white towns- 1966- Homelands Act
Legal seperation- blacks could not enter white land and vise versa
Created a situation where 80+% of the population was given 13% of the worst land - come up with slogan Apartheid (separate from blacks)
- Daniel Francois Mulan becomes driving force
- Apartheid steps : Class by race, interbreeding is banned
-Geographic Seperation
-Separate Amenities act 1953
*Had to carry identification cards
Created white towns
- 1966 white government creates "Homelands"
- Called Bantustands- slum areas for blacks
- Whites weren't allowed in Bantustands
- 80% of populations given 13% of the worst land
Albert Luthuli
1960-Sharpesville massacre police killed 70 during peaceful protest
Canada, Great Britain and Australia took a stance
1961- South Africa withdraw from Commonwealth
Nelson Mandela
Spear of the Nation
violent wing of the ANC
Nelson Mandela -leader
1956 charged with treason acquitted in 1961
Mandela restorts to violence
1964-1989 He is arrested and sentenced to life in prison-Robben Island
Soweto Uprising
- 1974- Afrikaans Medium Decree
Police arrived as the crowd grew
Police are ordered to open fire- 1500 police
600 people killed
Turning point- white university students realize that this is not the right thing to do (Whites start marching with the blacks)
SA banned from everything (isolation) no tradding, no sports
- 1985- state of emergancy placed- country so unstable
- 1989- Botha is done
Brings in DeKlerk
First thing he does is legalises ANC- blacks now have a voice
Mandela is freed- end of Apartheid
- 1993- Mandela and DeKlerk jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
QUOTE: "It is better to lead from behind and to put others in front, especially when you celebrate victory when nice things occur. You take the front line when there is danger. Then people will appreciate your leadership."
Subjunctive question - would apartheid have ended before the 21st century if the anc was not legalized?
3..2..1..
SEPARATED, unfair, cruel
How long would it have taken for the black people to be heard without nelson mandela?
why was it so difficult for them to get along?
Essay
To what extent was violence necessary for the end of Apartheid in South Africa?
Apartheid occurred in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. The black and white people had separate rights according to the law. Prime Minister Malan put apartheid into place in 1948. The translation of apartheid is "separate living." This meant the black and white people did everything separated from one another. They attended different schools, there were different hospitals for them, they drank out of different water fountains and used different washrooms. In all cases the areas for the white people were in much better condition and much nicer. In the beginning of all this, the black people showed their unhappiness with the new way of living in a peaceful manner. Protests were controlled and for the most part respectful. However, after incidents such as the Sharpsville massacre, they resorted to violence to make themselves heard. Although many would say that the violence was unnecessary due to the fact that eventually political pressure from the rest of the forward moving countries would cause apartheid to end in South Africa, most would say that the violence was necessary for the black people to be heard. First of all, the government and police of South Africa were much to harsh and set in their ways for non violent protest to be very effective, and second of all, the violence resulted in the rest of the world getting involved much sooner than they otherwise would have.
In 1976, a large group of black students gathered together to peacefully protest their situation. They were met with a very violent reaction from the police force, resulting in two students being killed and one hundred injured. This event caused other riots to begin, resulting in more overly harsh reactions from the police force. This became a never ending circle of violence, and both sides got more angry and more intense as it continued. More black liberation groups formed and protested for their rights. The leaders of these liberation groups became apparent, such as Nelson Mandela who lead the Spear of the Nation. They began damaging property owned by the government, as well as property owned by white people. This violence finally lead to people realizing that change needed to happen. There were talks about peace with the ANC and the National Party government which eventually lead to the end of apartheid.
Although it has been said that without the violence in South Africa, the pressure and modernization from other countries around the world would have eventually lead South Africa to end apartheid, violence was a way for the black people to fight for what they believed in and for their rights. Apartheid was wrong, and the people were not being heard with peaceful protesting. Violence was the reason that apartheid came to an end.
Apartheid occurred in South Africa between 1948 and 1994. The black and white people had separate rights according to the law. Prime Minister Malan put apartheid into place in 1948. The translation of apartheid is "separate living." This meant the black and white people did everything separated from one another. They attended different schools, there were different hospitals for them, they drank out of different water fountains and used different washrooms. In all cases the areas for the white people were in much better condition and much nicer. In the beginning of all this, the black people showed their unhappiness with the new way of living in a peaceful manner. Protests were controlled and for the most part respectful. However, after incidents such as the Sharpsville massacre, they resorted to violence to make themselves heard. Although many would say that the violence was unnecessary due to the fact that eventually political pressure from the rest of the forward moving countries would cause apartheid to end in South Africa, most would say that the violence was necessary for the black people to be heard. First of all, the government and police of South Africa were much to harsh and set in their ways for non violent protest to be very effective, and second of all, the violence resulted in the rest of the world getting involved much sooner than they otherwise would have.
In 1976, a large group of black students gathered together to peacefully protest their situation. They were met with a very violent reaction from the police force, resulting in two students being killed and one hundred injured. This event caused other riots to begin, resulting in more overly harsh reactions from the police force. This became a never ending circle of violence, and both sides got more angry and more intense as it continued. More black liberation groups formed and protested for their rights. The leaders of these liberation groups became apparent, such as Nelson Mandela who lead the Spear of the Nation. They began damaging property owned by the government, as well as property owned by white people. This violence finally lead to people realizing that change needed to happen. There were talks about peace with the ANC and the National Party government which eventually lead to the end of apartheid.
Although it has been said that without the violence in South Africa, the pressure and modernization from other countries around the world would have eventually lead South Africa to end apartheid, violence was a way for the black people to fight for what they believed in and for their rights. Apartheid was wrong, and the people were not being heard with peaceful protesting. Violence was the reason that apartheid came to an end.